Research		Infrared Thermography Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare The measurement of the stress caused by commercial farm practices is a major compnent of animal welfare assessment. However, a major issue for animal welfare science is that many of the techniques used to measure stress involve invasive procedures, such as blood sampling, which may themselves cause a stress response and therefore affect the measurement of interest. A number of non-invasive or minimally invasive methods and devices have been developed to measure stress. This review describes the benefits and limitations of some of these methods for measuring stress. In particular, the review focuses on recent advances and current research in the use of infrared thermography (IRT) for measuring stress. Infrared detection and nitric oxide treatment of bovine respiratory disease Eleven healthy calves were exposed for 3 days to 15 multiple sourced commercial calves carrying bovine respiratory disease (BRD) viruses (2 were un-infected controls). The calves received respiratory nitric oxide gas (NO) either immediately upon exposure to the BRD carriers or upon early identification of BRD from infrared orbital scans. A third group were treated with NO upon the appearance of clinical signs. The data suggest infrared thermography is able to detect signs of bovine respiratory disease earlier than conventional clinical scoring systems: nitric oxide may be an effective adjuvant in treating bovine respiratory disease. The current study is, to the author’s knowledge, the first to demonstrate the ability of a respiratory application of nitric oxide gas to effectively treat bovine respiratory disease in cattle.